P. K. Basak
Dr. Manish Gangil
Abstract
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) is the technology for automated control of machine tools. It uses programmable logic, that in, data is the form of letters, numbers, symbols, words or a combination of them for controlling the functions of the machine tools. The very first CNC Machine was developed by Richard Kegg in collaboration with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA in the year 1952 by retrofitting electronic gadgetry to a conventional milling machine. With the development in the field of computers, computer aided design (CAD), computer aided manufacturing (CAM), CNC machines became more & more sophisticated. At present, CNC technology has been extended to almost all types of machine tools, be it metal cutting, metal forming & other types of machines. This is due to the fact that CNC Machines offer a host of advantages like higher productivity, better accuracy, lesser operator skills requirement etc. On a conventional Turning machine, the machining of a profile like ellipsoid on cylindrical jobs requires special form tools and skilled operators. On a two-axis CNC Turning machine, such jobs can be conveniently machined by using an appropriate part program by dividing such profiles into small segments and making part programs for each small segment which add up to the profile. The part programs for the machining of other profiles on cylindrical jobs can be very easily made by using the Canned cycles provided by the CNC controller manufacturer. On a conventional boring machine, the machining of bores requires a size-specific boring tool. Also, the machining of internal and external threads on bores and outside diameters are quite cumbersome and require skilled operators. On a CNC machining centre, bores can very easily be machined using a deep shoulder end mill and the Circular Interpolation feature of the CNC controller. The machining of both internal and external threads of any size can be very conveniently performed by using a thread milling cutter and the Helical Interpolation feature of the CNC controller. In this paper, innovative machining of both cylindrical and prismatic parts shall be presented.
Keywords- CNC Machine Cylindrical parts, prismatic parts, linear interpolation, circular interpolation, helical interpolation, parametric programming.